Concept:

• Food comprises constituents like proteins, carbohydrates, fats and supplementary substances such as minerals, vitamins and water that are vital for life.
• These constituents are known as nutrients. For proper functioning of our body, we need to consume bodybuilding foods (e.g. milk, meat, poultry, fish, eggs, pulses, groundnuts); energy-giving foods (e.g. cereals, sugar, roots, fats and oils); and protective foods (e.g. vegetables, fruits).

Explanation:

• Carbohydrates are the main source of energy for our body.
• Carbohydrates are of two types – simple and complex.
• Simple carbohydrates - These are quick-energy foods, e.g. sugar. Sources of simple carbohydrates are natural fruits, milk and milk products, and vegetables including potatoes and carrots.
• Complex carbohydrates - These are better sources of energy than sugar since they are released slowly. Sources of complex carbohydrates are bread, cereals (rice, wheat, bajra, corn, barley, ragi, sorghum, millets etc.),

Gram is not a source of carbohydrate, it is a source of protein.

Additional Information

Proteins:

• proteins are obtained from the animal as well as vegetable sources. Proteins of animal origin are found in milk, eggs, cheese, fish and meat.
• Proteins from these sources contain all the essential amino acids (EAA) in adequate amounts.
• Vegetable proteins are found in pulses (legumes), cereals, beans, nuts, oilseeds, etc

The correct answer is Nagaur.

• Under the Special drive, ‘Ujaas’ Nagaur district of Rajasthan state is going to be known as the First Electrified District of Rajasthan.

Key Points

• Nagaur is set to become the first district in the state to have a power supply in all government schools. 
  • Under the special drive 'Ujaas' by the district collector's office, 817 schools have been electrified by mobilizing bhamashahs (donors) and gram panchayat offices in the last six months.
  • Rajasthan has over 11,699 faculties out of 69,980 are without energy.
  • This contains 60 faculties in Nagaur which are prone to be electrified within a subsequent couple of months.

The correct answer is option 1.

Concept:

A stack is a linear data type that acts as a collection of elements. A stack is a linear data structure that operates memory allocation and deallocation on the Last-In-First-Out (LIFO) principle. In linear data structures, the elements are accessed in sequential order but it is not compulsory to store all elements sequentially. It has two main operations:

• Push, which adds a new element to the collection, and
• Pop, which removes the most recently added element that hasn't been removed yet.

Hence the correct answer is Last­-in-­first­-out (LIFO) manner.

Additional Information

Stack applications:

• Balancing of symbols.
• Infix to postfix conversion.
• Evaluation of postfix expression.
• Implementing function calls.
• Finding of spans in stock markets.
• Page-visited history in a web browser.
• Undo sequence in the text editor.
• Matching tags in Html and xml.

Food chain: 

• A food chain shows the feeding relationship between different organisms in a particular environment and/or habitat.
• A food chain shows how energy is passed from the sun to producers, from producers to consumers, and from consumers to decomposes such as fungi.
• They also show how animals depend on other organisms for food.
• A simplified food web illustrating a three-trophic food chain (producers-herbivores-carnivores) linked to decomposers.

Key Points

Food Web: 

• A food web is similar to a food chain, but the food web is significantly larger.
• Occasionally, a single organism is eaten by a large number of predators, or it consumes a number of other species.
• As a result, several trophic levels become intertwined, and the food chain fails to accurately depict the flow of resources.
• The food chains are very simple and hence, do not exist in reality, 
• Rather, an interconnection of many food chains is seen in nature or in our ecosystem that forms a food web.
• The energy flow is multidirectional.
• In a food web, one organism takes place at different trophic levels in different food chains (which combine to form a complex food web).
• It gives greater stability to the ecosystem.

​Thus, a group of interconnected food chains is called a food web.

Additional Information

Pyramid of Biomass:

• A biomass pyramid is a diagram that compares the biomass of different trophic levels within an ecosystem.
• It shows the mass of producers that are needed to support primary consumers, the mass of primary consumers required to support secondary consumers, and so on.

As the total distance between A and G is equal to E and D i.e. 20 km. So BD = 20 – (10 + 1) = 9 Km.

Hence, the distance between B and D is 9 km 

• Vitamin is an organic non-protein substance that is required by an organism for normal metabolic function but cannot be synthesized in sufficient quantity by that organism. 
• These can be divided into two categories: fat-soluble and water-soluble.

Fat-Soluble vitamins

• Fat-soluble vitamins are soluble in fats.
• They are absorbed by fat globules that travel through the small intestines and into the general blood circulation within the body.
• Unlike water-soluble vitamins, fat-soluble vitamins are stored in the body when they are not in use.
• Vitamin A, D, E K are fat-soluble.

Water-soluble vitamins

• Water-soluble vitamins dissolve in water, which means these vitamins and nutrients dissolve quickly in the body.
• Unlike fat-soluble vitamins, water-soluble vitamins are carried to the body’s tissues, but the body cannot store them.
• Any excess amounts of water-soluble vitamins simply pass through the body
• Vitamin B and Vitamin C are water-soluble.

Key Points

Thus, the disease caused due to deficiency of Vitamin B1 is Beri Beri.